| 黄冠,杨俊朝,路全彬,纠永涛,郭鹏,杨景卫,乔健,丁宗业.Al基钎料优化设计与脆性化合物及气孔缺陷生长机制原位研究进展[J].有色金属材料与工程,2026,47(2):43-58. |
| Al基钎料优化设计与脆性化合物及气孔缺陷生长机制原位研究进展 |
| Progress in optimization design of Al-based brazing materials with high-performance in-situ research on growth mechanisms of brittle compounds and pore defects |
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| DOI：10.13258/j.cnki.nmme.20260109001 |
| 中文关键词: Al钎料 复合钎料 合金成分设计 脆性化合物与氢气孔 原位表征 |
| 英文关键词:Al brazing materials composite brazing materials alloy composition design brittle compounds and hydrogen pores in-situ characterization |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目（52474401）；广东省基础与应用基础基金项目（2023A1515140124；2025A1515012873） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 系统综述了Al基钎料的最新研究进展，重点围绕合金成分设计、复合钎料与组织缺陷演化机制的原位研究展开，旨在为成分设计优化与性能调控提供重要参考。在合金成分方面，通过对Al-Si系与Zn-Al系钎料进行成分设计，实现共晶多组元降低熔点、稀土元素细化组织、活性元素增强润湿；在复合钎料技术方面，通过材料与结构创新开发出层状复合钎料及表面镀层、药芯/药皮钎焊丝及膏状复合钎料等新型材料；在脆性化合物与气孔缺陷演化机制方面，阐述了利用同步辐射X射线成像技术深入揭示复杂脆性化合物与氢气孔缺陷的生长与形态演变机制，为有效改善钎料润湿性、抑制脆性相过量生长与缓解接头残余应力提供关键支撑。最后，对Al基钎料的未来发展进行展望，指出AI赋能新型钎料研发、极端条件下钎焊理论的原位研究和发展、钎焊过程自动化与智能化在线控制是应对未来复杂及异质构件高性能连接挑战的方向。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Aluminum alloy heterogeneous components connected via brazing technology are considered an important development direction in high-end manufacturing due to their good corrosion resistance, excellent thermal and electrical conductivity. However, conventional Al-based brazing fillers face issues such as relatively high melting points, insufficient wettability, and inadequate joint strength, while conventional brazing processes also suffer from challenges like difficulty in controlling brazing filler dosage, susceptibility to moisture absorption leading to failure, environmental pollution, and poor welding consistency. By performing compositional design on Al-Si and Zn-Al brazing fillers through eutectic multi-component systems, rare earth elements, and active elements, it is possible to lower the melting point, refine the microstructure, enhance performance, and improve joint properties. Utilizing composite brazing material forms such as laminated composite brazing materials, surface coatings on base materials, flux-cored and flux-coated brazing materials, and composite brazing pastes can enhance the mechanical properties, reliability, and process stability of brazed joints. Furthermore, the use of synchrotron radiation X-ray imaging technology to reveal the growth and morphological evolution mechanisms of complex brittle compounds and hydrogen porosity defects provides critical support for regulating joint microstructure and performance. Future research should leverage AI to empower the development of new brazing materials, conduct in-situ studies on brazing theory under extreme conditions, and achieve automated, intelligent online control of the brazing process. |
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