| 邓国民,施曙东,金琦,王美美,金明江.基于非晶-纳米晶复相结构形状记忆合金丝材的线性应变传感设计[J].有色金属材料与工程,2025,46(4):55-60. |
| 基于非晶-纳米晶复相结构形状记忆合金丝材的线性应变传感设计 |
| Design of linear strain sensing technique based on amorphous-nanocrystalline complex structure shape memory alloy wire |
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| DOI：10.13258/j.cnki.nmme.20240415002 |
| 中文关键词: 形状记忆合金 非晶-纳米晶 应变传感 复相结构 |
| 英文关键词:shape memory alloy amorphous-nanocrystalline strain sensing complex structure |
| 基金项目:上海交通大学-上海浦兴路桥建设工程有限公司联合研究项目（21H010100125） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 形状记忆合金（shape memory alloy, SMA）是一种典型的感驱控一体化智能材料。基于伪弹性和应变-电阻特性，SMA用于应变传感元件潜力具大，其分辨率极高。但是，SMA的伪弹性来自马氏体相变，其一级相变特有的相变滞后行为以及功能疲劳现象给SMA的应变-电阻相关性带来了诸多干扰，无法满足高精度应变监测需求。通过微观组织调控构筑非晶-纳米晶复相结构，可使SMA的典型突变式一级相变特征转变为连续相变行为。该相变结构赋予合金相变宽化连续化、超低滞后性及功能疲劳稳定性等特性。结果表明，非晶-纳米晶复相结构Ni-Ti SMA合金丝的位移-电阻呈现高线性关系、高循环稳定性及长使用寿命；将其应变传感系统应用于混凝土三点弯曲应变测试，呈现出良好的载荷-位移-电阻信号响应和功能稳定性。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Shape memory alloy (SMA) is a typical intelligent material with integrated sensing-actuating-control capabilities. Leveraging its pseudoelasticity and strain-electrical resistance correlation, SMA demonstrates significant potential as a high-resolution strain sensor. However, the pseudoelasticity of SMA originates from martensitic phase transformation, whose first-order nature leads to phase transformation hysteresis and functional fatigue—both of which interfere with the strain-electrical resistance correlation, failing to meet the requirements for high-precision strain monitoring. Here, an amorphous-nanocrystalline multiphase structure is constructed via microstructural tailoring, transforming the typical abrupt first-order phase transformation into continuous behavior. This structure endows the alloy with broadened continuous phase transformation, ultra-low hysteresis, and enhanced functional fatigue stability. The results indicate that amorphous-nanocrystalline multiphase Ni-Ti shape memory alloy (SMA) wires exhibit a highly linear displacement-resistance relationship, excellent cyclic stability, and a long service life. When applied to the three-point bending strain testing of concrete, the SMA-based strain sensing system demonstrates a well-defined load-displacement-resistance signal response and reliable functional stability. |
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